Of course, a lot of Mushroom World locations are based on real places, Sarasaland from Super Mario Land being a good example but the Odyssey world is big enough for the different climates to come across as a little more realistic. Bowser’s Kingdom is in the sky, but has classical Japanese architecture.
Most of these places are inspired by real-world locations: Bonneton is based on London, the Cascade Kingdom on South America, the Sand Kingdom Mexico, the Lake Kingdom on Greece, the Wooded Kingdom on the Alps, New Donk City obviously on New York, the Snow Kingdom on Siberia and Scandinavia, the Seaside Kingdom on France, and the Luncheon Kingdom on Italy. The thing is, at least from what I understand, the map is pretty full but you don’t actually explore that much of it in-game, instead usually visiting only a small portion of each large kingdom. I’ve been looking at the Marioverse Discord group in the past few days, and I’ve seen some interesting speculation as to where certain locations from earlier games might be on the Super Mario Odyssey world map.